Trade: import tariff to Venice in 1751
print this pageThere was trade of ingredients for medicinals and there is proof in the official document of the Venetian Customs from 1751: Tariffa d'ingresso stabilita dall'illustrissimi, & eccellentissimi signori Deputati, et Aggionti alla regolazione del commercio, e Cinque Savi alla mercanzia. Approvata dall'eccellentissimo Senato con decreto 2 ottobre 1751 (Import duties established by the illustrious and distinguished Representatives and the Five Councillors for merchandise, together with commercial regulations. Approved by the distinguished Senate with a decree on 2 October 1751) (digital copy). The list of incoming and outgoing goods with customs tariff that "doverà esser egualmente usata al Stallaggio da Mar, Intrada da Terra, e Fontico de Todeschi" (applicable for trade arriving by sea, land and through the Fontico de Todeschi) (v. of title page) and applicable to "oltre alli Sudditi... gl'Esteri del Levante, e Ponente... come pure li Sudditi Pontificj, Austriaci, e del Regno di Napoli" (in addition to its Subjects… those Foreigners from the East and the West, as well as those from the Papal States, Austrians and from the Kingdom of Naples) (p. VIII). The others pay 10 percent.
The goods are listed by name, at times specifying that they can be assorted ("in sorte"), other times providing details, like the "Cogumeri, in aceto, in broda & in composta". Some goods have medicinal uses, but not only: for example, among the medicinal ingredients many are also spices, the cornerstone of Venetian trade, like Pepper, Cardamom, Mustard, Ginger, and Nutmeg.
Among the plant simples, there are seeds such as Chasteberry, Fennel, Sabadilla; Roots, for example, of the Aristolochia, Gentian, and Valerian; Powders like those from Sumac; and barks like those from Guaiacum (against syphilis). There are ingredients such as Agaric, Cassia, China China, Piper cubeba (Java pepper), White Hellebore, Hermodactile, Fenugreek, Ippocheucana (ipecacuana), Mandrake, Myrabolans (plums as purgatives from Mesue onwards), sweet Myrrh, lacrima d'Avezzo (spruce resin), Dragon’s Blood, Sarsaparille, Sassafras, Scordeun (wild garlic), Storas Calamita in Lacrima, Liquida o In Pan, Arabian balsam (xylobalsamum), Terebinth, Tornasol.
There are plenty of animal and mineral simples: Amber, Antimony, Arsenic, Armenian bole (red clay), Lapis Lazuli, Litharge, Mother-of-Pearl, Lead, Ruby powder, Sapphire, Honey, Mummies, Crab eyes, Bezoar Stone (a concretion that forms in the stomachs of ruminants), Dried Viper and Viper Fat (essential for theriac), Nails of the Great Beast (elk).
There was even trade of preparations, such as Acqua Odorifera of all kinds (distilled waters), Laudanum, Magnesia, Essence d'Osmarin (rosemary) or fifth Essence, oils, such as Cinnamon Oil and oil of Carabe (ancient name for amber), Balsam Oil, Thebes Oil, spirits such as that of cochineal or Salt Armonic, assorted Plasters of Nuremberg, assorted Balsams (export only), Antedote (export only), assorted Pills (export only), Potassium bitrate sive Gripola, Grazia di San Paolo (an antidote), Magistero di Salappa (a resin derived from jalap), Vitriol (sulfuric acid), white, Cyprus, Local or Roman, Rose Sugar (Saccharum Rosatum handed down by the Arabs).
For export only, Theriac or Mithridate, the famous Venetian theriac (also called treacle).
In the end, an embargo for typography equipment and all glass products was imposed, two arts in which Venice excelled.